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Supply chain management (SCM) describes the administration and optimization of the entire flow of materials, information and finance along the value chain, from the procurement of raw materials to the delivery of the end products to the consumer.
Supply chain management has its roots in logistics and production management. With globalization and increasing competition, it has become increasingly important not only to optimize individual parts of the supply chain, but also to integrate the entire chain and make it efficient. The term SCM became popular in the 1980s when companies began building more complex and connected networks for procurement and delivery.
SCM is used in numerous industries, including manufacturing, retail, healthcare, and technology. It includes planning and managing all activities, procurement, production, warehousing, transportation, as well as coordination and collaboration with suppliers, intermediaries, third-party providers and customers.
The main benefits of SCM include improving efficiency, reducing costs and increasing customer satisfaction. By optimizing the supply chain, companies can reduce inventory levels, reduce turnaround times, and improve the quality of delivered products. SCM also makes it possible to react more quickly to market changes and customer requirements.
SCM challenges include the complexity of coordination across different countries and cultures, the reliance on reliable information, and the need to manage risks such as natural disasters, political instability, or supply bottlenecks. Solutions include the use of advanced IT systems, such as ERP and SCM software, the integration of real-time data analytics, and the development of strategies for risk management.
An example of SCM's application is a B2B dealer portal, which enables suppliers and buyers to track orders in real time, optimize delivery times, and synchronize inventory data. Another example is the implementation of a self-service portal for customers, which provides transparency about delivery status and makes it possible to respond quickly to customer inquiries.
Supply chain management is a decisive factor in the success of modern companies. It includes the efficient management of the entire flow of materials and information along the value chain. The benefits of SCM lie in reducing costs and improving customer satisfaction, while the challenges relate to complexity and risk management.